靜態(tài)路由也能勝任多網(wǎng)段之間進(jìn)行通信
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博文地址：http://dgd2010.blog.51cto.com/1539422/881922
昨天，和朋友在機(jī)房討論組網(wǎng)問(wèn)題，當(dāng)討論到路由器間通信時(shí)，朋友問(wèn)起為什么非要配置路由選擇協(xié)議。以前一般是根據(jù)配置手冊(cè)或者經(jīng)驗(yàn)配置也沒(méi)有仔細(xì)考慮過(guò)這個(gè)問(wèn)題。想了想，應(yīng)該是這樣理解的(如下)。
如果多個(gè)網(wǎng)段之間要實(shí)現(xiàn)通信，必須使用路由器，這個(gè)毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)。如果多個(gè)網(wǎng)段之間存在多個(gè)可選擇的路徑，最方便的是采取配置路由選擇協(xié)議的方法，簡(jiǎn)單點(diǎn)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以采用RIP協(xié)議，如果是復(fù)雜的網(wǎng)絡(luò)則可以采用OSPF。當(dāng)然在選擇的路徑不多時(shí)也可以采用靜態(tài)路由的方法。
但是，當(dāng)多個(gè)網(wǎng)段之間只有一條路徑時(shí)，那么僅僅是配置靜態(tài)路由就足夠了。如果是在企業(yè)中工作，那么往往配置簡(jiǎn)單的靜態(tài)路由就足夠了。
為了更有說(shuō)服力和便于理解我用CPT(Cisco Packet Tracer)演示了一下。
拓?fù)鋱D如下圖所示：
分別有四個(gè)網(wǎng)段，10.0.0.0/8、112.237.228.0/24、192.168.10.0/24、211.86.104.0/24。
靜態(tài)路由設(shè)置如下：
- ip route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 112.237.228.1
- ip route 211.86.104.0 255.255.255.0 112.237.228.1
- ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 112.237.228.244
- ip route 211.86.104.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.10.1
- ip route 112.237.228.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.10.2
- ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 192.168.10.2
配置如下：
1.PC0的IP配置：
Packet Tracer PC Command Line 1.0
PC>ipconfig
IP Address......................: 10.0.0.3
Subnet Mask.....................: 255.0.0.0
Default Gateway.................: 10.0.0.1
PC>
2.PC1的IP配置：
Packet Tracer PC Command Line 1.0
PC>ipconfig
IP Address......................: 211.86.104.52
Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway.................: 211.86.104.254
PC>
3.R1的配置：
- Router>enable
- Router#configure terminal
- Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
- Router(config)#hostname R1
- R1(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1
- R1(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
- R1(config-if)#no shutdown
- %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
- R1(config-if)#end
- R1#
- %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
- R1#conf t
- Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
- R1(config)#int f0/0
- R1(config-if)#ip addr 112.237.228.244 255.255.255.0
- R1(config-if)#no shutdown
- %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
- R1(config-if)#end
- R1#
- %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
- R1#conf t
- Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
- R1(config)#ip route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 112.237.228.1
- R1(config)#ip route 211.86.104.0 255.255.255.0 112.237.228.1
- R1(config)#end
- R1#
- %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
- R1#
4.R2的配置：
- Router>enable
- Router#configure terminal
- Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
- Router(config)#hostname R2
- R2(config)#
- R2(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1
- R2(config-if)#ip address 112.237.228.1 255.255.255.0
- R2(config-if)#no shutdown
- %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
- R2(config-if)#
- R2(config-if)#exit
- R2(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0
- R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0
- R2(config-if)#no shutdown
- %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
- R2(config-if)#end
- R2#conf t
- Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
- R2(config)#ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 112.237.228.244
- R2(config)#ip route 211.86.104.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.10.1
- R2(config)#end
- R2#
- %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
- R2#
5.R3的配置：
- Router>enable
- Router#configure terminal
- Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
- Router(config)#hostname R3
- R3(config)#
- R3(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1
- R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
- R3(config-if)#no shutdown
- %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
- R3(config-if)#
- R3(config-if)#exit
- R3(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0
- R3(config-if)#ip address 211.86.104.254 255.255.255.0
- R3(config-if)#no shutdown
- R3(config-if)#
- %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
- R3>enable
- R3#conf t
- Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
- R3(config)#ip route 112.237.228.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.10.2
- R3(config)#ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 192.168.10.2
- R3(config)#end
- R3#
- %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
- R3#
6.使用tracert進(jìn)行測(cè)試：
測(cè)試從PC0能否路由到PC1。
結(jié)果表明測(cè)試成功。
測(cè)試從PC1能否路由到PC0。
結(jié)果表明測(cè)試成功。
